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Apoorva Sagodharargal (English: Rare Brothers) is a 1989 Indian Tamil-languagecomedy-drama film, directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao. The film stars Kamal Haasan in three roles, as a mechanic, a circus clown who is a dwarf and a police officer, along with Gautami and Rupini playing lead roles with Srividya, Manorama, Nagesh, Jaishankar, Nassar, and Delhi Ganesh playing supporting roles. The music for the film was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics written by Vaali. The film was produced by Kamal Haasan and his brother Chandra Haasan under the production company Raaj Kamal Films International.

The film tells the story of twins who were separated during childhood who grow up in different localities, with one of them Appu, being a midget working for a circus. Appu comes to know that his father was an honest police officer who was killed by four criminals. The rest of the film shows how Appu succeeds in avenging the death of his father and how Raja proves his innocence as he is blamed for the murders committed by Appu.

The film's story was written by Panchu Arunachalam, while Kamal Haasan and Crazy Mohan wrote screenplay and dialogues respectively. B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan handled editing respectively, while the cinematography was handled by P. C. Sriram. The film premiered at the International Film Festival of India, The film was released on 14 April 1989, was a box office success and completed a 200-day run. It became the highest grossing Tamil cinema movie, until its collections were broken by Baashha. It was dubbed into Telugu as Vichithra Sodarulu and into Hindi as Appu Raja in 1990. Appu Raja released on 50 screens in North India, netting ₹50 lakh at the box office.

• 3Production
  • 3.1Development
  • 3.2Casting

Plot[edit]

Sethupathi (Kamal Haasan) is an honest and upright police officer. When he arrests four bigwigs - Dharmaraj (Nagesh), Francis Anbarasu (Delhi Ganesh), Nallasivam (Nassar) and Satyamoorthy (Jaishankar) - they escape justice easily and return to take revenge. They kill him and poison his wife Kaveri (Srividya). However, she manages to escape. She gives birth to twins with the help of another woman named Muniyamma (Manorama), but the babies are separated, and each woman believes that the other is dead because of the events happening after the birth.

One of the twins, Raja (Kamal Haasan) grows up as a mechanic with Muniyamma, while the other twin, Appu (Kamal Haasan), a dwarf,^[a] grows up in the circus with his mother.

Appu falls in love with the daughter (Rupini) of the circus owner (T. S. B. K. Moulee), mistakenly thinking that she was asking him to elope with her, but she actually had asked him to be a witness to her marriage with her fiancé (Anand), which was not approved by her father. Heartbroken over this and insecure about his height, he tries to commit suicide but is prevented by his mother, who then reveals the reason that his dwarfism might have been because of the poison force-fed to her when she was pregnant with the twins. This leads Appu to learn about his father's murder and decides to avenge him.

Meanwhile, Raja falls in love with Janaki (Gouthami), who happens to be Satyamoorthy's daughter. As Raja resembles Sethupathi, Sathyamoorthy and his three friends gain interest in Raja.

Meanwhile, Francis is fishing in a lake. Appu uses one of his well trained circus Indian Spitz puppies to lure Francis to an abandoned building, and reveals his identity to him. Francis smirks when he sees that Appu is a dwarf and cannot hurt him due to his size. However, Appu uses a Rube Goldbergian contraption to kill him, and the dead body falls in a lorry covered with hay. Raja and Janaki have car trouble and hitchhike a ride in the same lorry, but they are oblivious to the dead body. The lorry driver (Kavithalaya Krishnan) discovers the body when he reaches his destination and calls the police. The inspector (Janagaraj) in charge of the case, suspects Raja by tracing the car number given by the lorry driver.

Appu kills Nallasivam in a golf course using a tiger from his circus, but Nallasivam's caddy sees Appu's face, and the tigers tail from afar. This leads the inspector to Raja again, who, coincidentally, is wearing a tiger costume while performing a song at a festival in his street. Janaki becomes enraged when she learns that Raja has killed his father's friends and breaks up with him.

Raja is released from custody as the postmortem examination has revealed real tiger wounds that could not be inflicted by Raja's costume. He goes over to Janaki's house to smooth things over with the inspector following him covertly. When he is talking to her, Appu tricks Sathyamoorthy into killing himself with a circus handgun that shoots backwards. Appu escapes, but Raja and Janaki enter Sathyamoorthy's room, hearing the gunshot a few moments before the inspector arrives. Janaki faints when she sees her father dead, and the inspector now believes that Raja shot Sathyamoorthy. Raja too escapes and is on the run, while the police had released a sketch of his face to the public. An exhausted Raja is spotted by some people in a market, and they try to catch him. Raja, in an attempt to evade capture, threatens to kill the nearest woman he gets hold of. When the crowd backs down, he releases the woman and escapes.

The woman, who incidentally happens to be Kaveri, realizes that Raja is the other twin and seeks out Muniyamma. They both realize that the murders are committed by Appu, and Raja is mistaken as Appu, who overhears this. Dharmaraj believes that it is Raja avenging his father's death and that he is the next target, and decides to seek out Raja's mother, and is shocked to see Kaveri, whom he believed to be dead, also present there. Nonetheless, he kidnaps both women and threatens to kill them unless Raja surrenders to him. Appu escapes, helps Raja evade the police, and tells him everything. They both collaborate and go to the circus where their mothers are held captive. With the help of well-trained circus animals, Appu and Raja overpower the goons. With silent approval of his mother, Appu shoots Dharmaraj, who falls down and gets eaten by circus lions. Appu surrenders to the police, and Raja is set free and unites with Janaki.

Cast[edit]

• Kamal Haasan as Sethupathy/Appadurai aka Appu/Raja
• Srividya as Kaveri
• Rupini as Appu's girlfriend
• Gouthami as Janaki
• Janakaraj as Inspector
• Manorama as Muniyamma
• Nagesh as Dharmaraj
• Delhi Ganesh as Francis Anbarasu
• Nassar as Nallasivam
• Jaishankar as Satyamoorthy
• T. S. B. K. Moulee as Rupini's father
• Anand as Rupini's fiancé
• Kavithalaya Krishnan as Truck Driver
• R. S. Shivaji as Constable Sambandham
• Vikram Dharma as David
• Singeetam Srinivasa Rao as special appearance as Marriage registrar

Production[edit]

Development[edit]

Script[edit]

Kamal revealed that idea of the film was inspired from a scene of the film Saagar (1985) in which he had acted.^[2] Singeetham said that in the initial version of the story, there was only one Kamal Haasan playing the dwarf character. After getting rejected by a couple of girls, he would be seen walking into desert with his circus troupe in the climax. Singeetham later dropped it as this idea was not feasible;^[3] he then created another character for Kamal Haasan to add entertainment and drama and added a revenge angle to make it commercial.^[4] Panchu suggested the dwarf has to be the main hero and also insisted that Kamal portray a double role.^[5]

Kamal said that he rewrote the script after listening to an alternate take on the film and also said that the script was originally written for his mentor K. Balachander, who refused the film citing that it is 'too complicated'.^[6][7]

The film was the second script after the first one was discarded by Kamal and this itself was greatly toned down for violence, because Ilaiyaraaaja and Panchu Arunachalam did not approve of the amount of violence there initially was.^[8] One of the writers Dinesh Shailendra was discussing the concept of the film, Kamal initially suggested Man Behind the Iron Mask, Dinesh said that it would be nice if one the characters is a dwarf.^[9]

Looks of dwarf[edit]

A scientist from Bangalore was invited and he came up with a whole lot of sketches he had worked out on how the dwarf would be created.^[9] He spent a year researching his role, spending Rs 2 lakh in the process. He even went to Hollywood scouting for special effects, but opted out as there was little expertise or footage available as even Hollywood had not had much success with the dwarf. He consulted electronic engineers to make possible gadgets and in desperation talked to a magician.^[10] Kamal's shoes in the film were created by D. J. S. Kumar.^[11]

Kamal Haasan was featured in three distinct characters; a police character, a dwarf and a mechanic. For the character looks in the film, Kamal Haasan wore tight fitted pants, unbuttoned Denim shirts with sport shoes for the character of Raja, whereas for the dwarf character, he wore only clown-like costumes besides regular clothes.^[12]

Singeetham said that the dwarf look was done in different angles and innovative ideas had been adopted for each angle. A pair of special shoes was prepared to be attached to the folded knees of the actor for the straight angle shots. The legs had been taken care of and the mannerism adopted by Mr. Kamal Haasan by holding his arms in a particular way jelled with his 'dwarf' legs. For the side angle shots, a trench was dug up just to cover up the actor's legs from the feet to knees, with special shoes attached at the knee level.^[13][14] Singeetham noted the dwarf's character would lend 'attention and sympathy from the audience' and he made sure normal looking Kamal 'got equal attention and sympathy'.^[5]

Casting[edit]

Cast[edit]

Actress Gandhimadhi was originally cast in Manorama's role. Due to changes in the script, she was replaced.^[15] Nagesh was cast in a negative role alongside Delhi Ganesh, Jaishankar and Nassar.^[16] Ravikanth who debuted in Manathil Uruthi Vendum (1987) did a small role as Kamal's friend, but his portion was deleted from the final product.^[17] Stage actor Suppuni was offered a role in the film, but he declined.^[18]Prem Nazir was the initial choice for the character of Sethupathy; because he was unwell at the time, Kamal himself played the role.^[19]

Crew[edit]

Kamal approached Crazy Mohan to write dialogues for the film.^[20] S. T. Venky made his debut as visual effects designer for this film and also became the first person to use digital technology in visual effects.^[21][22]

Filming[edit]

Kamal decided to produce the film himself since no producers were willing to do the film.^[10][5] Animals used in the films were trained by Ravindra Sherpad Deval.^[23] The circus portions in the film were filmed at Gemini Circus.^[24] The first song 'Amma Aatha Kaalai Thottu Kumbidanum' recorded for the film was dumped as the script was doctored by Kamal Haasan based on Ashokamitran's novel. After 50 days of successful run, the song was included as an added attraction.^[25]

Themes and influences[edit]

The title Apoorva Sagodharargal itself was taken from 1949 feature film of the same name, which featured actors M. K. Radha and Bhanumathi in titular roles and was produced in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi simultaneously. Directed by Acharya and written by Kothamangalam Subbu, the old film was an adaptation of the novella The Corsican Brothers by Alexander Dumas. The idea of brothers coming together to avenge the death of their father is the common thread running between both the old and the new film.^[26] Coincidentally, Twins, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, released a few months earlier than Apoorva Sagodharargal shares lot of similarities in the story.

Soundtrack[edit]

The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja.^[27] The songs remain popular even today. The sad theme music in the film was highly acclaimed and remains popular to this day. Regarding the song 'Pudhu Mappillaiku', Kamal said that he wanted a tune similar to that which is sung in the Academy Awards function, whereas Ilaiyaraaja said that Kamal wanted a tune reminiscent of the song 'Naan Paarthathile' from Anbe Vaa (1966).^[28][29] The song 'Unna Nenachen' is one of the classic songs from the film. The song was rewritten by Vaali over 5 times and Kamal Haasan was still unhappy with it, but only at his sixth attempt, he became successful in delivering what Kamal wanted.^[30] Elements of 'Annatha Aadurar' has been used in the song 'Saroja Saman Nikalo' from Chennai 600028 (2007).^[31]

All the songs were written by Vaali, while Prem Dhawan and Rajashri wrote the lyrics for Hindi and Telugu versions.^[32]

The song 'Raja Kaiya Vachchaa' has two versions, one by Kamal Hassan, which was used in the film and in the Audio cassette, this version started with the dialogue between Kamal Hassan and Manorama and another sung by S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, which was included in the Audio LP and Cassettes.

Awards[edit]

• Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor – Kamal Haasan^[36]
• Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Lyricist – Vaali

• Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil – Kamal Haasan^[37]

• Cinema Express Award for Best Film – Tamil – Kamal Haasan

Release[edit]

Apoorva Sagodharargal emerged as the top grosser of the year beating the 7-year box office record of Sagalakala Vallavan. The film topped the Chennai box office on its opening weekend with ₹11 lakh distributor share.

Legacy[edit]

Behindwoods included Appu's character in their list 'Top 10 Avatars of Kamal' and wrote 'one of Kamal's landmark makeovers in cinema'.^[38] In the list 'Mesmerising Masked Men' from the same website mentioned that 'as a tragic character that had to wear a clown's mask to show a cheerful face to the world though he himself is angst ridden and weeping inside more often than not'.^[39] Times of India in their list 'Kamal Haasan's Top 10 mindblowing avatars' wrote that Kamal 'created history by playing a dwarf who was almost half his original height'.^[40]Rediff in its list 'Singeetam Srinivasa Rao's gems before christ' wrote: 'Under Singeetham's very able direction, the movie blended mainstream cinema and emotion very well, [.] and marked the beginning of what was to be a long career, for Kamal Haasan, in getting more into the skin of his character, and setting higher standards for himself with the aid of superior make-up and body language'.^[41] On Kamal's birthday, 7 November 2015, Latha Srinivasan of Daily News and Analysis considered Apoorva Sagodharargal to be one of the 'films you must watch to grasp the breadth of Kamal Haasan's repertoire'.^[42]

The Hindu included 'Unna Nenachen' among lyricist Vaali's best songs in their collection, 'Best of Vaali: From 1964 – 2013'.^[43] The film was also included by Rediff in their list titled '10 Best films of Kamal Haasan'.^[44] Behindwoods included 'Raja Kaiya Vacha' in their list 'Unforgettable songs of Kamal'.^[45] Malathi Rangarajan of Hindu included Apoorva Sagotharargal in her list 'Two to Tango'.^[46] Singer Mahathi listed 'Pudhu Maappillaiku' as her all-time favourite song.^[47]Baradwaj Rangan of The Hindu stated in his review of I (2015) that the film reminds of 'Apoorva Sagotharargal'.^[48] In September 2007, Sakthi Vasu expressed interest in remaking the film.^[49] On Kamal Haasan's 60th birthday, an agency named Minimal Kollywood Posters designed posters of Kamal Haasan's films, One of the posters depicted the two minions with one of them being a dwarf reminiscent of the characters from the film.^[50] Rangan compared Mersal (2017) to Apoorva Sagodharargal, saying that in both films, 'A father is brutally murdered. A son takes revenge. The other son is thought to be the killer.'^[51]

In popular culture[edit]

The songs from the film has inspired film titles – Raja Kaiya Vacha (1990) and Unna Nenachen Pattu Padichen (1992). The sad theme music from the film has been used for comedy scenes in films – Chennai 600028 (2007) and Thillu Mullu (2013).^[52] In Periya Marudhu (1995), Goundamani imagines himself as dwarf similar to Kamal's look and dances to the song 'Pudhu Mappillaiku'.^[53] In a comedy scene from Velayudham (2011), Vaidehi's father (M. S. Bhaskar) is seen watching the film on television.^[54] Scenes from the film has been parodied in Thamizh Padam (2010), Delhi Ganesh reprises his character in the film. Shiva tries to use Rube Goldberg machine similar to the one Kamal used in the film but fails.^[55] Director Vinayan said that idea of Malayalam film Albhuthadweep (2005) was inspired from Apoorva Sagodharargal.^[56]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^Dwarfism occurs when an individual person or animal is short in stature resulting from a medical condition caused by abnormal (slow or delayed) growth.^[1]

References[edit]

1. ^'Dwarfism'. nih.gov. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
2. ^'Humour is serious business'. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
3. ^S, Srivatsan (13 April 2019). 'Why Kamal Haasan's 'Apoorva Sagodharargal' is 30-years-young'. The Hindu. ISSN0971-751X. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
4. ^'Singeetham Srinivasa Rao interview about Potugadu – Telugu cinema director'. idlebrain.com. Archived from the original on 25 June 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
5. ^ ^abcGopalakrishnan, Aswathy; 2016 (29 October 2016). 'Singeetam Srinivasa Rao Interview: 'The Golden Rule Of Cinema Is That There Is No Golden Rule''. Silverscreen.in. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
6. ^'Singeetham Srinivasa Rao says there's no rule to screenwriting'. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
7. ^'Every time I think that this is the lowest point, it is actually my peak: Kamal Haasan'. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
8. ^'Aboorva Sagodharargal'. The Palagaara Kadai. Archived from the original on 5 February 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
9. ^ ^abShailendra, Dinesh Shankar (27 June 2012). 'G CaffeThe Story of 'Appu Raja''. G Caffe. Archived from the original on 5 February 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter dead-url= (help)
10. ^ ^abPillai, Sreedhar (31 May 1989). 'Comeback king'. India Today. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter dead-url= (help)
11. ^Ramanujam, Srinivasa; Menon, Vishal (11 October 2017). 'Shoemaker to the stars'. The Hindu. ISSN0971-751X. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
12. ^Raj 2010, p. 52.
13. ^'Singeetam reveals secret behind Kamal's dwarf role'. The Hindu. 10 August 2008. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter dead-url= (help)
14. ^Atluri, Sri (21 September 2009). NaChaKi (ed.). 'Interview: Singeetam Srinivas Rao'. Telugucinema.com. p. 2. Archived from the original on 1 January 2011.Cite uses deprecated parameter dead-url= (help)
15. ^'Manorama wasn't Kamal's first choice'. The Times of India. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter dead-url= (help)
16. ^'Nagesh: A legacy like no other'. IndiaGlitz. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter dead-url= (help)
17. ^'Goa was my big break: Ravikanth'. The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter dead-url= (help)
18. ^RANGARAJAN, MALATHI (20 February 2014). 'Rising high with grit'. The Hindu. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter dead-url= (help)
19. ^Srivatsan, S (13 April 2019). 'Why Kamal Haasan's 'Apoorva Sagodharargal' is 30-years-young'. The Hindu. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
20. ^'Crazy Mohan'. The Hindu.
21. ^'An interview with special effects whiz Venky'. Rediff. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
22. ^GEETA PADMANABHAN. 'Cinema's future 'avatar''. The Hindu.
23. ^'A school within a ring'. The Hindu.
24. ^'Where the performers will send you into tailspin'. The Hindu.
25. ^K. JESHI. 'Films in spotlight'. The Hindu.
26. ^'RARE: Original LP cover of Kamal Hassan's 'Aboorva Sagodharargal' (Tamil, 1989)'. The Cinema Resource Centre (TCRC). Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
27. ^'RARE: Original LP cover of Kamal Hassan's 'Aboorva Sagodharargal' (Tamil, 1989)'. The Cinema Resource Centre. 15 May 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
28. ^Rangan, Baradwaj. 'And more on the Ilaiyaraaja connection'. The Hindu. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter dead-url= (help)
29. ^'SPB Interviews Ilaiyaraaja for Doordarshan – Circa 1996'. YouTube. 21 September 2014. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
30. ^'Eternal tunes – Kavingar Vaali'. IndiaGlitz. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
31. ^'Chennai 600028 Music Review songs lyrics'. IndiaGlitz. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
32. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
33. ^'Aboorva Sagodharargal Songs – Tamil Movie Songs'. Raaga.com. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
34. ^'Appu Raja Songs – Hindi Movie Songs'. Raaga.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
35. ^'Vichitra Sodarulu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP'. iTunes Store. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
36. ^Anandan, pp. 7–16
37. ^Vidura. C. Sarkar. 1990. p. 52. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
38. ^'Top 10 avatars of Kamal – Behindwoods.com – Tamil Movie Slide Shows – Anbe Sivam – Kurudhi Punal – Indian – Avvai Shanmugi – 16 Vayathinile – Devar Magan – Nayagan – Dasavatharam – Apoorva Sagotharargal'. Behindwoods. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
39. ^'Kamal in Apoorva Sagodharargal – The Mesmerizing Masked Men'. Behindwoods. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
40. ^'Kamal Haasan's top 10 mind-blowing avatars'. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
41. ^'Singeetham Srinivasa Rao's gems before Christ'. Rediff. 7 September 2010. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
42. ^Srinivasan, Latha (7 November 2015). 'Birthday special: Films you must watch to grasp the breadth of Kamal Haasan's repertoire'. Daily News and Analysis. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
43. ^'Best of Vaali: From 1964–2013'. The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
44. ^'The 10 BEST Films of Kamal Haasan'. Rediff. 7 November 2013. Archived from the original on 7 November 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
45. ^'Kamal's unforgettable songs – Tamil Movie Articles – Kamal – Dasavatharam – Unnaipol Oruvan – Manmadhan Ambu – Vasool Raja'. Behindwoods. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
46. ^MALATHI RANGARAJAN. 'Two to tango'. The Hindu.
47. ^'Grill mill'. The Hindu.
48. ^Baradwaj Rangan. 'Terrific performance, uninspired movie'. The Hindu.
49. ^'Shakthi going steady'. IndiaGlitz. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
50. ^'A Brilliant Tribute To The Wonderful Kamal Haasan'. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
51. ^Rangan, Baradwaj (18 October 2017). 'Mersal Movie Review'. Film Companion. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
52. ^Chennai-600028 – Tamil movie comedy. YouTube. 2 February 2010. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
53. ^Periya Marudhu (DVD): clip from 1:29:12 to 1:30:00
54. ^Velayudham (DVD): clip from 50.43 to 51.00
55. ^'Thamizh Padam Review – Thamizh Padam Tamil Movie Review – Story – Rating '. IndiaGlitz. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
56. ^'As the Lilliput lot converges ..'The Hindu.

Bibliography[edit]

• Raj, Maya (July 2010). 'Style Evolution: Kamal Haasan's Stupendous Style Journey'. South Scope. Vol. 1 no. 10. p. 51.
• Film News, Anandan (2004). Sadhanaigal padaitha Tamil Thiraipada Varalaaru [Tamil Film History and Its Achievements] (in Tamil). Chennai: Sivagami Publications.

External links[edit]

• Apoorva Sahodharargal on IMDb

Vichitra Sodarulu Telugu Movie Songs Free Download